Условие задачи
Заполните следующий текст словами и выражениями
THE PURPOSE OF STATE PUNISHMENT
wrongdoer; misdeeds; deterrent; retribution; death penalty; corporal punishment; rehabilitate; reform; barbaric; law-abiding; humane; crime doesn’t pay
What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to … the offender, to correct the offender’s moral attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to … him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community.
Punishment can also be seen as a … because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and prevents them from doing so. However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society’s desire for …, which basically means revenge. In other words, don’t we feel that a … should suffer for his …?
The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should “make the punishment fit the crime”. Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that … . For those who attack others … should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” and automatically receive the … .
On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and … and that we should show a more … attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, … life.
Решение
Ниже представлено подробное решение задачи по английскому языку (упражнение на заполнение пропусков подходящими словами и выражениями). Для каждого пропуска мы анализируем контекст и подбираем слово из заданного списка:
Список слов и выражений:
• wrongdoer
• misdeeds
• deterrent
• retribution
• death penalty
• corporal punishment
• rehabilitate
• reform
• barbaric
• law-abiding
• humane
• crime doesn’t pay
Мы рассмотрим предложение за предложением:
1. Первое предложение:
«What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to … the offender, to correct the offender’s moral attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to … him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community.»
Анализ: Здесь два пропуска, связанные с изменением преступного поведения. Обычно говорят «to reform the offender» – изменить поведение, исправить, и «to rehabilitate him or her» – восстановить его репутацию в обществе, помочь вернуться к нормальной жизни.
Заполнение:
– Первый пропуск: reform
– Второй пропуск: rehabilitate
2. Второй абзац:
«Punishment can also be seen as a … because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and prevents them from doing so.»
Анализ: Речь идёт о том, что наказание служит превентивной мерой – оно действует как предупреждение (отвращающее средство). Из списка слово, которое означает «предостережение», – deterrent.
Заполнение:
– Пропуск: deterrent
3. Третий абзац:
«However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society’s desire for …, which basically means revenge. In other words, don’t we feel that a … should suffer for his …?»
Анализ: Здесь вначале говорится о желании общества получить «возмездие» (retribution – принцип «око за око»), а во второй части – говорится, что преступник (wrongdoer) должен понести наказание за свои проступки (misdeeds).
Заполнение:
– Первый пропуск: retribution
– Второй пропуск: wrongdoer
– Третий пропуск: misdeeds
4. Четвертый абзац:
«The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should “make the punishment fit the crime”. Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that …. For those who attack others … should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” and automatically receive the ….»
Анализ:
– Первая часть: «ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that …» – здесь уместно выражение «crime doesn’t pay», то есть «преступление не окупается».
– Вторая часть: «For those who attack others … should be used.» – когда речь идёт о физических атаках, применяется «corporal punishment» («телесные наказания»).
– Третья часть: «Murderers should … automatically receive the ….» – для убийц часто предлагают применение «death penalty» (смертной казни).
Заполнение:
– Первый пропуск: crime doesn’t pay
– Второй пропуск: corporal punishment
– Третий пропуск: death penalty
5. Пятый абзац:
«On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and … and that we should show a more … attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, … life.»
Анализ:
– Первая часть: «unreasonable, cruel and …» – слово, подходящее по смыслу – barbaric (варварский).
– Вторая часть: «a more … attitude» – здесь оправданно требование более гуманного подхода, то есть humane.
– Третья часть: «a respectable, … life» – речь идёт о человеке, соблюдающем закон, то есть law-abiding life (законопослушная жизнь).
Заполнение:
– Первый пропуск: barbaric
– Второй пропуск: humane
– Третий пропуск: law-abiding
Таким образом, окончательное заполнение текста выглядит следующим образом (слова подставлены на места пропусков):
———————————————————————
THE PURPOSE OF STATE PUNISHMENT
wrongdoer; misdeeds; deterrent; retribution; death penalty; corporal punishment; rehabilitate; reform; barbaric; law-abiding; humane; crime doesn’t pay
What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to reform the offender, to correct the offender’s moral attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to rehabilitate him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a useful member of the community.
Punishment can also be seen as a deterrent because it warns other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law and prevents them from doing so. However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society’s desire for retribution, which basically means revenge. In other words, don’t we feel that a wrongdoer should suffer for his misdeeds?
The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some believe that we should “make the punishment fit the crime”. Those who steal from others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in no doubt that crime doesn’t pay. For those who attack others corporal punishment should be used. Murderers should be subject to the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” and automatically receive the death penalty.
On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and barbaric and that we should show a more humane attitude to punishment and try to understand why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a respectable, law-abiding life.
———————————————————————
Таким образом, используя правила английской лексики и контекстный анализ, мы подобрали каждое слово в соответствии с его значением и местом употребления в тексте. Это и является подробным решением задачи.